Your cover letter answers the employer’s question, “How does this candidate meet my needs?” A concise, focused letter of 3-4 short paragraphs demonstrates your ability to clearly and specifically communicate in writing. It also gives you the opportunity to show that you’ve done your homework. You can state why you want the position, how you fit with the organization’s culture and how your passion or goals work to the employer’s benefit. As with your resume, it is critical for your letter to be error-free.
How to Structure Your Letter
In addition to researching the organization, the job description is your key to writing a convincing letter. Begin by underlining or highlighting the skills, experience, and characteristics the employer is seeking and then use your letter to prove that you have those things. The middle paragraph(s) of your letter should be organized by the 2-3 most related, valuable skills you can offer. Resist the common mistake of talking all about your story without relating to their needs. Likewise, rather than stating what you hope to learn, talk about how your enthusiasm to learn will benefit them.
The Difference Between Confidence and Arrogance
Avoid using strong words (“I’m a perfect fit”) or referring to skill sets (“my excellent analytical skills”) without backing them up with specific examples. Here is where you can expand on your resume to describe how a past experience has directly prepared you for something specific that is listed in the job description.
It may not be meaningful if you simply state you are great at something. On the other hand, if you outline a situation where you used specific, desired skills with great results you’ll be able to relay your abilities in a confident yet objective way that demonstrates what you have to offer. This is what people mean when they say “show, don’t tell.”
The Importance of Tailoring
It will be blatantly obvious to employers if you try to use a general cover letter with only minor tweaks. Your research, initiative, and knowledge about the position and organization will make you stand out. For example, if you’re applying to work in a research lab, read and reference articles about the work in your letter to show that you’re following progress in the field. Make the most of referrals and connections by naming the person who referred you or any previous encounters you’ve made with the recipient or his/her colleagues. The familiar name will grab the reader’s attention.